Background to the Proclamation of Indonesia’s Independence begins with the dropping of the atomic bomb by the US Army on August 6, 1945 in the city of Hiroshima in Japan. Then on August 9, 1945 the second atomic bomb dropped on the city of Nagasaki in Japan.
This led Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, headed by the United States. At that moment the opportunity is used as well as possible by the freedom fighters of the Indonesian people to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in spite of Japanese colonialism.
However, in reality, there are differences of opinion among the fighters. Fighters young group which is comprised of Sukarni, Adam Malik, Kusnaini, Syahrir, Sudarsono, Soepono, Chairul Saleh want independence as soon as possible, and fighters to the elderly, among others, Soekarno and Hatta did not want to hurry because they did not want bloodshed at the time of the proclamation.
Sukarno did not believe that the Japanese had surrendered, and the proclamation of independence when it could lead to bloodshed and can have fatal consequences if the fighters Indonesia is not ready.
Then the meeting was conducted in the form of a meeting PPKI (Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee also called Dokuritsu Zyunbi Linkai in Japanese). The fighters all young people do not agree to the meeting, and considers PPKI is established by the Japanese. They wanted independence for the efforts of our own nation, instead of awarding from Japan.
At that moment a young group of fighters loses patience and then they kidnapped Soekarno and Hatta and bringing them to Rengasdengklok, which became known as Rengasdengklok events.
The purpose of the kidnapping was for it. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta is not affected by the Japanese. They assured Soekarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters are ready to fight the Japanese and ready to bear the risk. Meanwhile, in Jakarta, a young group represented Wikana, and the elderly who, represented by Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo doing the negotiations. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. then they sent Yusuf Ahmad Kunto as usher Soebardjo to Rengasdengklok. They picked them. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta returned to Jakarta.
Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo managed to convince young people not to rush to proclaim independence. After arriving in Jakarta, they went straight to the house of Admiral Maeda on Orange Nassau Boulevard (now Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1 of the museum building proclamation formulation) that is expected to secure from Japan. About 15 youths gathered there, among others B.M. Diah, Bakri, Sayuti Melik, Iwa Kusumasumantri, Chairul Saleh, to assert that the Japanese government does not intervene on the proclamation.
The young fighters demanded to immediately declare independence over the radio, followed by the takeover of power. They also rejected a plan PPKI to declare independence on August 16, 1945. At the residence of Admiral Maeda (Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 1) on the freedom fighters conduct meetings through the night to prepare the text of the Proclamation. As a result of the meeting is a draft Proclamation and the agreed concept by Soekarno, then copied and typed by Sayuti Melik.
Because of security reasons Proclamation text reading done at Soekarno houses in East Pegangsaan Street No. 56 Jakarta (now Jalan Proclamation No. 1). Exactly at 10.00.a.m western Indonesian time Friday, August 17, 1945, Ir. Sukarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia’s independence. Until now, at every flag ceremony of Independence will be reading the manuscript text of the proclamation.
The first sentence of the Proclamation text is Ahmad Soebardjo suggestions taken from the formulation of the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI), and the last sentence suggested by Mohammad Hatta. Ir. Soekarno wrote the manuscript text as below (In Bahasa Indonesia):
Proklamasi
Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Hal2 jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara seksama dan dalam tempoh jang sesingkat-singkatnja.
Djakarta, 17 - 8 - '05
Wakil2 bangsa Indonesia
Later, Mohamad Ibn Sayuti Melik typed the text of the proclamation that has been transformed, whose contents are as below (In Bahasa Indonesia) :
P R O K L A M A S I
Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.
Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara seksama dan dalam tempo jang sesingkat-singkatnja.
Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05.
Atas nama bangsa Indonesia
Soekarno/Hatta
Proclamation manuscript handwritten by Soekarno left just like that and got into the trash can in the house Admiral Tadashi Maeda. B.M. Diah save it and keep it for 46 years 9 months 19 days, and then submitted to President Soeharto (the 2nd President of Republic Indonesia) at the Bina Graha on May 29, 1992.
Sukarni proposed that the signed text of the proclamation is Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation. In the manuscript text of the proclamation written the number "05 years", instead of 1945. In 05 stands for the number "2605 years", the applicable calendar year in Japan.
Despite the many obstacles, but the news spread proclamation of Indonesia’s independence remains intensively conducted. One way of spreading the news radio carried by the Japanese news agency Domai repeated every 30 minutes until the broadcast ends 16:00.p.m. Dissemination of news is also done through newspapers by Soeara Asia in Surabaya. Then, almost all newspapers in Java in the issue dated August 20, 1945 contains news of the proclamation of Indonesian independence. The proclamation of independence was also distributed to the people of Indonesia through the installation of plaques, posters, and graffiti on walls and railway train carriages, for example with the slogan "Respect Our Constitution, August 17!!!".
Beside the mass media, news of the proclamation are also distributed directly by the regional representatives who attended the hearing PPKI meeting. At the time of the manuscript text of the Proclamation was read by Sukarno, no audio or video recording. The documentation that exists only in the form of photographs Proclamation. If today we hear the original sound recording Sukarno read the text of the proclamation, is not actually sound recorded on the date of August 17, 1945, but the sound he recorded in 1951 in the studio of Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI).
Voice recording is initiated by one of the founders of RRI, Jusuf Ronodipuro. Long live Indonesia! Hopefully, Indonesia became a truly independent, united, sovereign, just and prosperous accordance aspired. May the Indonesian government can achieve the purpose of the state to protect the entire Indonesian nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia and to promote the general welfare, educating the nation and participate in the establishment of world order based on freedom, lasting peace and social justice.
Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan dengan tjara seksama dan dalam tempo jang sesingkat-singkatnja.
Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05.
Atas nama bangsa Indonesia
Soekarno/Hatta
Proclamation manuscript handwritten by Soekarno left just like that and got into the trash can in the house Admiral Tadashi Maeda. B.M. Diah save it and keep it for 46 years 9 months 19 days, and then submitted to President Soeharto (the 2nd President of Republic Indonesia) at the Bina Graha on May 29, 1992.
Sukarni proposed that the signed text of the proclamation is Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation. In the manuscript text of the proclamation written the number "05 years", instead of 1945. In 05 stands for the number "2605 years", the applicable calendar year in Japan.
Despite the many obstacles, but the news spread proclamation of Indonesia’s independence remains intensively conducted. One way of spreading the news radio carried by the Japanese news agency Domai repeated every 30 minutes until the broadcast ends 16:00.p.m. Dissemination of news is also done through newspapers by Soeara Asia in Surabaya. Then, almost all newspapers in Java in the issue dated August 20, 1945 contains news of the proclamation of Indonesian independence. The proclamation of independence was also distributed to the people of Indonesia through the installation of plaques, posters, and graffiti on walls and railway train carriages, for example with the slogan "Respect Our Constitution, August 17!!!".
Beside the mass media, news of the proclamation are also distributed directly by the regional representatives who attended the hearing PPKI meeting. At the time of the manuscript text of the Proclamation was read by Sukarno, no audio or video recording. The documentation that exists only in the form of photographs Proclamation. If today we hear the original sound recording Sukarno read the text of the proclamation, is not actually sound recorded on the date of August 17, 1945, but the sound he recorded in 1951 in the studio of Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI).
Voice recording is initiated by one of the founders of RRI, Jusuf Ronodipuro. Long live Indonesia! Hopefully, Indonesia became a truly independent, united, sovereign, just and prosperous accordance aspired. May the Indonesian government can achieve the purpose of the state to protect the entire Indonesian nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia and to promote the general welfare, educating the nation and participate in the establishment of world order based on freedom, lasting peace and social justice.
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